<!--StartFragment-->

Ecofeminism is the whole of theory and practice at the intersection of the environment and feminism. Ecofeminist thought is an approach that argues that an equal, fair, sustainable world order can only be created by dealing with environmental problems with a feminist approach.

Ecofeminist thought is based on two basic principles. The first is that the source of women and environmental problems is the patriarchal capitalist system. It can also replace the definition of ecofeminist thought. The other is the principle that women have an important bond with nature because of their historical experiences. Although this principle is rejected by different schools of feminism, it finds a place in cultural ecofeminism. Even though the origins of ecofeminist thought are based on the anti-militarist movement led by women against the primitive militarism that formed the male-oriented culture in the neolithic period, ecofeminism began to be discussed in the North American and European academic community in the 1970s and was put forward by the French feminist Françoise d'Eaubonne in 1974. Some prominent movements of ecofeminism, which have taken place in the global agenda of environment and gender, both in theory and in practice, from the 1970s to the present:

1973: In the northern Indian state of Uttarakhand, the Chipko Movement, a passive resistance movement aimed at protecting forests, was started by environmental activist Sunderlal Bahuguna. This passive resistance movement, whose backbone is women, but most of its leaders are men, was announced to the world by Sunderlal Bahuguna and continued to develop from its beginning, turning into an ecofeminism movement.

1976: The Green Belt Movement, a predominantly women non-governmental organization, was founded in Nairobi, Kenya. The first step was taken with the help of the National Council of Women in Kenya.

1980: A workshop on Women and Life in the World: Ecofeminism in the1980s was held by a group of academic women's coalitions in the USA. With this workshop, Ecofeminism was brought to the world agenda. After the workshop, the Women's Pentagon Movement protested the development of nuclear weapons.

1972: While the documents of the Stockholm Conference did not include the expression of women; in the 1992 Rio Conference documents, it was mentioned that the role of women in environmental management is great.

1994: At the Population Conference in Cairo, energy poverty was brought to the fore as a problem with extreme impact on women. The reason for this is that 70% of the 1 billion people in developing countries with an income of less than 1 dollar a day are women.

1995: The 4th World Conference on Women was held in Beijing. At the conference, it was underlined that the contribution of women to the protection of natural resources and the protection of the environment was not sufficiently supported and respected. Also, it was emphasized that the gender perspective should be embedded in all programs and policies.

<!--EndFragment-->